Dietary Habits and Nutrition Knowledge of Secondary School Students in Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State

Abstract

This study investigated the dietary habits and nutrition knowledge of secondary
school students in Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State. A cross-
sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The research was conducted in
eight secondary schools, with a sample of 240 students (males and females),
selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Dietary habits were evaluated
using a structured questionnaire covering feeding patterns, food preferences, and
consumption of fruits and vegetables. Nutrition knowledge was assessed using 10
general nutrition knowledge questions. Results indicated that 61.1% of the
respondents were aged 16-18 years, while 33.2% were above 18 years. Regarding
dietary habits, 71.6% of the students ate three times daily, and 16.8% ate four times
daily. The majority (87.0%) based their food choices on availability. Few students
(16.8%) skipped meals, with lunch being the most frequently skipped meal
(65.7%), compared to breakfast (34.3%). All students (100%) consumed snacks,
with biscuits being the most consumed snack (87.5%). The nutrition knowledge
results revealed that 45.7% of the students had average nutrition knowledge, while
only 27.4% demonstrated good knowledge. Statistical analysis was performed
with Microsoft Excel using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages,
and mean scores, and inferential statistics were applied to assess the relationships
between dietary habits and nutrition knowledge. In conclusion, the study
highlights the need for well-structured nutrition education programs to be
integrated into the secondary school curriculum. These programs would enhance
students' nutrition knowledge and promote healthier dietary practices,
contributing to improved overall well-being.